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AI & Agent Security Threat Model1 / 2

1 min lesson

Why AI agents are a new surface

Put this lesson point into plain words: "An autonomous coding agent reads your repo, writes files and runs commands on your machine."

Step 1 of 2

An autonomous coding agent reads your repo, writes files and runs commands on your machine. The clean line every classic security model draws - between data the system processes and code the system trusts - is gone. The data IS the instructions now.

This is the round that separates a Cursor security interview from any other. The work spans web vulns, cloud IAM and crypto, but the part interviewers will probe hardest is the one no off-the-shelf playbook covers: the threat model of an agent that acts on the user's system. Cursor builds exactly that product and it secures its own codebase the same way, so vague answers get caught fast.

Start by naming the shift cleanly. A traditional app has a fixed set of code paths an attacker tries to subvert with crafted input. An agent has an open-ended action space driven by a model and the model treats almost everything it reads as potential instruction.

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Advanced table

Reference table

Assumption in classic appsec
Code and data are separate; input is parsed, not executed
What the agent breaks
Model context mixes trusted system prompt, user intent and untrusted file/web content in one stream
Assumption in classic appsec
The set of operations is fixed and reviewable
What the agent breaks
The agent chooses actions at runtime - which file to edit, which command to run, which tool to call
Assumption in classic appsec
Trust boundaries sit at the network and process edges
What the agent breaks
A new boundary sits inside the model loop: between what the user asked for and what the content told the model to do
Assumption in classic appsec
An exploit needs a bug in your code
What the agent breaks
An exploit can be plain English embedded in a README, a web page or a tool's output

The interviewer wants to hear that you see the boundary move inside the model loop.

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Optional practice

Practice: Why AI agents are a new surface

QAn interviewer asks: "What's fundamentally different about securing a coding agent versus a normal web service?" Give the crisp answer.