Enterprise
Enterprise AI Coding Rollout
An enterprise AI coding rollout works when you treat it as a governed change to how code gets written and reviewed. In Cursor, plan for Organizations, teams and groups, cloud agents, Automations, Bugbot, usage analytics and Teams pricing. Start with a small pilot, measure review load, and expand from the uses that proved out.

On this page
Which controls need an owner before rollout?
Four controls decide whether security will sign off: who has access, what the policy allows, how data moves and whether anyone measures adoption. Settle them before the pilot starts, because they apply whichever tool you pick.
- Control
- Identity
- Owner
- IT
- Evidence
- SSOSingle Sign-On. One company login (usually via SAML or OIDC) instead of a separate password per tool. Press Enter for the full definition., SCIMSystem for Cross-domain Identity Management. A standard for automatically creating and removing user accounts when people join or leave. Press Enter for the full definition. or membership source is defined
- Control
- Policy
- Owner
- Engineering leadership
- Evidence
- Allowed repos, tools and review rules are documented
- Control
- Security
- Owner
- Security team
- Evidence
- Data flow, secrets boundary and audit path are reviewed
- Control
- Adoption
- Owner
- DevEx
- Evidence
- Pilot metrics and training path are live
| Control | Owner | Evidence |
|---|---|---|
| Identity | IT | SSOSingle Sign-On. One company login (usually via SAML or OIDC) instead of a separate password per tool. Press Enter for the full definition., SCIMSystem for Cross-domain Identity Management. A standard for automatically creating and removing user accounts when people join or leave. Press Enter for the full definition. or membership source is defined |
| Policy | Engineering leadership | Allowed repos, tools and review rules are documented |
| Security | Security team | Data flow, secrets boundary and audit path are reviewed |
| Adoption | DevEx | Pilot metrics and training path are live |
The owner column matters as much as the controls. A control with no named owner goes unchecked until someone has to answer for it. If nobody owns identity, for example, nobody checks that people who leave lose access.
Security does not own all four. Identity is IT's system of record, and policy is engineering leadership's call about what the team may ship. Adoption belongs to whoever owns developer experience. Security owns the data-flow question and the audit path, and it will ask about both.
Data flow is the question that stalls approvals, so answer it before the review meeting. Write down what the tool can read, what it can change, what leaves your network and where any of it is retained. Most of the answers come from the vendor's documentation and your own configuration. Ask the vendor for anything the documentation leaves out, and note where each answer came from.
The stack below breaks a rollout into layers. Policy comes first because the other layers carry it out. Identity controls who gets access, workflow moves code from prompt to merge, and measurement shows whether the rollout is working.
Interactive diagram. Tab through its regions; each focused region shows its detail in the panel below.
This is covered hands-on in Teams and Enterprise Admin — 6 short Units, free to read.
How should the rollout work?
Start narrow, and expand only when the pilot earns it.
- 1Week 1: pick one team, one repo and three realistic tasks.
- 2Week 2: write the workflow standard from the pilot.
- 3Week 3: train champions and add policy guardrails.
- 4Week 4: expand only after quality, cost and review load are visible.
Treat the four weeks as an order, not a deadline. The first two weeks mostly show you what your standard should say. A pilot too broad to watch closely can't teach you that, so it starts with one team and a few real tasks. Pick the team that will tell you when something breaks, even if another team would produce a better-looking result. Put policy and training in place before the rollout grows, because both are harder to add once people have formed their own habits.
Expansion is the step to slow down. After a good pilot, the pressure to widen access can arrive before the evidence does. Before you add teams, answer three questions with numbers: did review load go up or down, what does a developer cost per month, and did quality hold.
Record the same numbers before the pilot starts, so you have a baseline to compare against. Two more weeks of the same pilot cost less than a rollout you have to walk back, so run them if any answer is still a guess.
What's new in Cursor recently?
Cursor ships often, so advice about it can go out of date. The table summarizes Cursor's recent releases, so you can check this page against the current product. For each release's date and sources, see What's new in Cursor 2026.
- Surface
- Compile 2026
- What to know
- Cursor's June conference (June 16, per press coverage) centered on Origin, larger from-scratch model training and Cursor Mobile.
- Surface
- Origin
- What to know
- Early beta since August 17, 2026, on most paid plans: repos, pull requests with Code Tours, GitHub sync and a CLI. Standalone pricing and self-hosting are still unpublished.
- Surface
- Model and mobile
- What to know
- Composer 2.5The current Composer release, better at long-running tasks and at judging when a job needs a light touch versus deep work. Press Enter for the full definition. is available now. Cursor says it is training a larger model with SpaceXAI. Cursor Mobile now has its own product page.
- Surface
- Automations
- What to know
/automate, Slack emoji triggers, GitHub triggers for issue comments, reviews and workflow runs, computer use, PR defaults and memory cleanup.
- Surface
- Cloud AgentsAgents that run in a Cursor-managed virtual machine, check out the repo, do the work and open a pull request, then shut down, with no load on your laptop. Press Enter for the full definition.
- What to know
- Guided cloud environment setup, reusable snapshots,
.cursor/environment.json,/in-cloud,/autopilot(formerly/babysit) and local/cloud handoff.
- Surface
- Review
- What to know
- BugbotCursor's automated PR reviewer that posts inline findings and can push fix commits from isolated VMs. Press Enter for the full definition. averages about 90 seconds per review and finds 10% more bugs per review.
/reviewruns it locally before you push. Cursor's June changelog says Composer 2.5The current Composer release, better at long-running tasks and at judging when a job needs a light touch versus deep work. Press Enter for the full definition. now powers Bugbot, and these figures may change.
- Surface
- Design and Canvas
- What to know
- Design ModeA way to point at an element in Cursor's built-in browser and change it directly, instead of describing it in words. Press Enter for the full definition. supports multi-select and voice queueing. Canvases support Design Mode, context reports, Debug with Agent, full-screen sharing and prompt buttons.
- Surface
- SDK and run modes
- What to know
- SDK agents can use custom tools, auto-review, JSONL or custom stores, nested subagents and request IDs. Auto-review Run Mode runs known-safe calls, sandboxes shell commands where it can and sends the rest to a classifier.
- Surface
- Enterprise and pricing
- What to know
- Organizations sit above teams, and groups scope model access, spend and agent permissions. Teams launched with Standard and Premium seats and two usage pools, Cursor ModelsOn legacy Cursor plans, the monthly usage pool for Cursor's own models (Grok 4.7, Grok 4.6, Grok 4.5 and Composer 2.5), kept separate from the third-party Other Models pool. The X Subscription replaces it with one weekly pool. Press Enter for the full definition. and Other ModelsOn legacy Cursor plans, the monthly pool for supported third-party models from providers such as Anthropic, Google and OpenAI, separate from Cursor Models. On The X Subscription third-party models are billed from prepaid credit instead. Press Enter for the full definition.. Those seats are now legacy, and current Teams seats are Premium, Super and Ultra on The X SubscriptionThe subscription Cursor is sold through: one plan for Grok, Cursor and X, with Free, Plus, Premium, Super and Ultra tiers, per-seat Teams, a weekly included pool for Cursor models shared with Grok, and third-party models billed at API list price from prepaid credit. Press Enter for the full definition..
| Surface | What to know |
|---|---|
| Compile 2026 | Cursor's June conference (June 16, per press coverage) centered on Origin, larger from-scratch model training and Cursor Mobile. |
| Origin | Early beta since August 17, 2026, on most paid plans: repos, pull requests with Code Tours, GitHub sync and a CLI. Standalone pricing and self-hosting are still unpublished. |
| Model and mobile | Composer 2.5The current Composer release, better at long-running tasks and at judging when a job needs a light touch versus deep work. Press Enter for the full definition. is available now. Cursor says it is training a larger model with SpaceXAI. Cursor Mobile now has its own product page. |
| Automations | /automate, Slack emoji triggers, GitHub triggers for issue comments, reviews and workflow runs, computer use, PR defaults and memory cleanup. |
| Cloud AgentsAgents that run in a Cursor-managed virtual machine, check out the repo, do the work and open a pull request, then shut down, with no load on your laptop. Press Enter for the full definition. | Guided cloud environment setup, reusable snapshots, .cursor/environment.json, /in-cloud, /autopilot (formerly /babysit) and local/cloud handoff. |
| Review | BugbotCursor's automated PR reviewer that posts inline findings and can push fix commits from isolated VMs. Press Enter for the full definition. averages about 90 seconds per review and finds 10% more bugs per review. /review runs it locally before you push. Cursor's June changelog says Composer 2.5The current Composer release, better at long-running tasks and at judging when a job needs a light touch versus deep work. Press Enter for the full definition. now powers Bugbot, and these figures may change. |
| Design and Canvas | Design ModeA way to point at an element in Cursor's built-in browser and change it directly, instead of describing it in words. Press Enter for the full definition. supports multi-select and voice queueing. Canvases support Design Mode, context reports, Debug with Agent, full-screen sharing and prompt buttons. |
| SDK and run modes | SDK agents can use custom tools, auto-review, JSONL or custom stores, nested subagents and request IDs. Auto-review Run Mode runs known-safe calls, sandboxes shell commands where it can and sends the rest to a classifier. |
| Enterprise and pricing | Organizations sit above teams, and groups scope model access, spend and agent permissions. Teams launched with Standard and Premium seats and two usage pools, Cursor ModelsOn legacy Cursor plans, the monthly usage pool for Cursor's own models (Grok 4.7, Grok 4.6, Grok 4.5 and Composer 2.5), kept separate from the third-party Other Models pool. The X Subscription replaces it with one weekly pool. Press Enter for the full definition. and Other ModelsOn legacy Cursor plans, the monthly pool for supported third-party models from providers such as Anthropic, Google and OpenAI, separate from Cursor Models. On The X Subscription third-party models are billed from prepaid credit instead. Press Enter for the full definition.. Those seats are now legacy, and current Teams seats are Premium, Super and Ultra on The X SubscriptionThe subscription Cursor is sold through: one plan for Grok, Cursor and X, with Free, Plus, Premium, Super and Ultra tiers, per-seat Teams, a weekly included pool for Cursor models shared with Grok, and third-party models billed at API list price from prepaid credit. Press Enter for the full definition.. |
A summary only. The release tracker linked above gives each release's date and sources.
How do you measure review load?
Measure it from your git host. Cursor's admin analytics dashboard reports adoption: AI share of committed code, Agent and Tab edits, messages by mode and model, active users per surface, daily usage, a usage leaderboard and repository insights. It also counts Cloud Agent work (agents created, PRs opened and merged, and lines merged), and on Enterprise it adds the Conversation InsightsA Cursor analytics view that passively categorises what agents are doing (new features, bug fixes, refactors) so leaders can see where engineering time goes. Press Enter for the full definition. classifier. Reviewer comments and rework passes come from pull request data instead, and someone has to collect them.
Know how the adoption number is built before you quote it in a steering meeting. AI share of committed code comes from signatures Cursor logs on the device for AI-suggested lines. Cursor matches them against later commits by the same author on the same machine. Automated formatters can invalidate those signatures, and CLI commits have to be scored on the machine where the code was written.
Older guides say the tracking skips Background Agents and the Cursor CLICursor's command line: the full agent, all modes and models, in the terminal and pipeable into scripts and CI. Press Enter for the full definition.. That changed: Cursor's docs now say it covers the CLI and Cloud AgentsAgents that run in a Cursor-managed virtual machine, check out the repo, do the work and open a pull request, then shut down, with no load on your laptop. Press Enter for the full definition.. If a chart still shows a drop that doesn't match what your team sees, check for formatter runs and commits made on other machines first. Cursor asks you to report missing metrics for a workflow as a bug.
Pair one number from each side, and keep both simple: one from the dashboard for adoption and one from the git host for review cost, both filtered to the pilot repo.
The plumbing supports that. Analytics need client 1.5 or later, the user, group and date filters cover up to 90 days, and every chart exports to CSV. On Enterprise, the Admin API is there for the day this becomes a scheduled report.
Will a spend alert stop the bill?
No. A spend alert sends an email when spending crosses a threshold. A spend limit is the control that caps cost.
Where you set alerts depends on the plan. On a legacy Teams plan, add them in the team dashboard at team or member level, and choose whether member-level alerts go to admins, the member or both. On The X SubscriptionThe subscription Cursor is sold through: one plan for Grok, Cursor and X, with Free, Plus, Premium, Super and Ultra tiers, per-seat Teams, a weekly included pool for Cursor models shared with Grok, and third-party models billed at API list price from prepaid credit. Press Enter for the full definition., Teams admins set them on the Alerts page under Billing, and additional usage has to be turned on first.
The trigger decides when you hear anything. Alerts count only additional usage: on-demand spend on legacy plans, or prepaid-credit usage on The X SubscriptionThe subscription Cursor is sold through: one plan for Grok, Cursor and X, with Free, Plus, Premium, Super and Ultra tiers, per-seat Teams, a weekly included pool for Cursor models shared with Grok, and third-party models billed at API list price from prepaid credit. Press Enter for the full definition.. Included usage never counts, so the first email arrives after the included allowance is gone, too late to serve as an early warning. Enterprise accounts with pooled usage can set member-level alerts against total spend instead.
Routing sits underneath the alerts: on Teams and Enterprise, Cursor Router powers Auto, and Cursor's Router docs say only Cost mode keeps classic Auto pricing. Balance and Intelligence bill at the list price of the model that served each request, plus the Cursor Token Rate on eligible third-party models, and the docs say they use your limits faster. The help center's Router page says all Auto modes bill at the routed model's list price, so check real usage first.
The default differs by plan, so check it on day one. The router is on by default for Teams plans, so a Teams rollout can spend at routed rates without anyone touching the model picker. On Enterprise it stays off until an admin enables it, which leaves an unmade decision that looks like a working default.
How many higher-tier seats should a rollout buy?
Buy them for a small group, and buy them late. On The X SubscriptionThe subscription Cursor is sold through: one plan for Grok, Cursor and X, with Free, Plus, Premium, Super and Ultra tiers, per-seat Teams, a weekly included pool for Cursor models shared with Grok, and third-party models billed at API list price from prepaid credit. Press Enter for the full definition., each Teams seat is Premium at $30 per user per month, Super at $100 with 3.75 times Premium's weekly usage, or Ultra at $200 with 12.5 times. Upgrade only the heavy agent users.
Usage data tells you who those people are. Each paid seat has its own weekly pool for Cursor models (Grok 4.7Cursor and SpaceXAI's current lead Cursor model, in the weekly pool at $2 per million input tokens and $6 per million output, with a 256k context window and a 500k variant; above 256k input tokens it bills at 2x the standard rate. Press Enter for the full definition., Grok 4.6A Cursor and SpaceXAI model for complex coding and knowledge work, still in the Cursor model pool and succeeded by Grok 4.7; it is a selectable model and is separate from the Grok Bot product. Press Enter for the full definition., Grok 4.5 and Composer 2.5The current Composer release, better at long-running tasks and at judging when a job needs a light touch versus deep work. Press Enter for the full definition.), and seats don't share pools. Third-party models sit outside every pool and bill from the team's prepaid balance from the first request. Auto has no pool of its own: Cost mode draws on the seat's weekly pool, and a Balance or Intelligence request routed to a third-party model bills to the prepaid balance. A bigger seat only helps someone who runs out of the Cursor-model pool, and guessing early means paying for that headroom before anyone has changed how they work.
One month on Premium seats is usually enough to sort the team. Then upgrade the people who ran out of their weekly pool.
Teams created before The X SubscriptionThe subscription Cursor is sold through: one plan for Grok, Cursor and X, with Free, Plus, Premium, Super and Ultra tiers, per-seat Teams, a weekly included pool for Cursor models shared with Grok, and third-party models billed at API list price from prepaid credit. Press Enter for the full definition. keep their June 2026 seats until they switch. Standard costs $32 per seat per month billed annually, or $40 monthly. Premium costs $96 annually or $120 monthly, for five times Standard's usage at three times the price. Those seats split usage into two monthly pools, Cursor ModelsOn legacy Cursor plans, the monthly usage pool for Cursor's own models (Grok 4.7, Grok 4.6, Grok 4.5 and Composer 2.5), kept separate from the third-party Other Models pool. The X Subscription replaces it with one weekly pool. Press Enter for the full definition. and Other ModelsOn legacy Cursor plans, the monthly pool for supported third-party models from providers such as Anthropic, Google and OpenAI, separate from Cursor Models. On The X Subscription third-party models are billed from prepaid credit instead. Press Enter for the full definition.. The same advice holds there: start on Standard, then upgrade the people who run out.
Does the rollout shape change for a 20-person team?
The order stays the same, with less ceremony. A small team can run one shared workflow, a two-week pilot and a single review rule, with the four control owners collapsed onto two people. Write those two names down. At small scale, the usual failure is that nobody owns the data-flow answer when a customer's security questionnaire arrives. The startup rollout plan and the 10-developer pilot are sized for that.
Somewhere past about a hundred developers, the pilot itself needs structure. The exact point varies, so treat that number as a rough marker. Use cohorts instead of volunteers, champion teams, a support route for when something breaks, and measurement split by repo type, because a monolith and a set of services produce different review loads from the same tool. The 100-developer plan walks through that version.
Identity changes most with size. At twenty seats you can hand out access and fix it later. At two thousand you can't, so settle identity first, then map Organizations, teams and groups onto the org chart, then pilot inside that structure. Fitting cohorts onto people who already have broad access means taking access away from someone.
In one Cursor talk, Cursor's own finance team described a pattern that applies well beyond finance. It had no embedded engineers, and the one engineering partner it brought in at the start was security engineering, so the foundation was right before anyone built anything. That meant Okta permissions, GitHub structure, and credentials for the data and SaaS tools people would reach for.
Make the basics consistent across the org, then let people build on top of them. Otherwise every team invents its own access story, and security has to audit each one afterward.
Enterprise rollout guides
Cursor Organizations sit above teams, and groups set model access, spend and agent permissions. See how they combine and when to use a team or a group.
Open guideRoll out AI coding tools at a startup with one shared workflow, a short pilot that hunts failure modes, a one-line review rule and a spending cap.
Open guideRoll out AI coding agents across an enterprise: approved repos, identity and policy first, one measured pilot team, then wider access once results hold.
Open guideA two-week pilot plan for ten developers: one tested repo, three tasks of different shapes, a shared review checklist and a clear way to stop paying.
Open guideA 100-developer AI IDE pilot plan: cohorts as Organization Groups, identity set up before invites, spend limits in place and Auto routing checked early.
Open guideAn AI coding security checklist that separates real boundaries from best-effort controls, checks cloud runs and quotes Cursor's retention numbers.
Open guideGovern AI IDEs by letting adoption pick which internal tools to harden, putting policy into rules and hooks, and knowing what audit logs record.
Open guideA short AI coding policy template covering tools, models, repos, data, review and escalation, with each clause marked as enforced or expected.
Open guideAnswer legal and security questions about AI coding tools with documents, exact scope and stated limits, starting with retention and deployment.
Open guideCursor Teams admin guides
On The X Subscription, each paid Cursor plan includes a weekly pool of Cursor models. See how to check usage, what happens at the limit and how to get more.
Open guideTeams and Enterprise pay the Cursor Token Rate on eligible third-party model requests. See what it covers, which models are exempt and how to avoid it.
Open guideCursor offers US-only data residency to Enterprise teams. See what stays in the US, what can leave, the EU and UK option, and what admins control.
Open guideCursor Teams members get Grok Bot by default, and Enterprise admins turn it on. See which controls are Enterprise only, their defaults and Cursor's baseline.
Open guideLimit which Cursor organizations and teams your network allows with the x-cursor-allowed-tenants header: format, ids, proxy setup and errors.
Open guideA one-page AI coding policy for Cursor teams: approved models, spend caps, data rules, code review and disputes, plus a four-step ROI measurement.
Open guideCreate a Cursor team, invite members with prorated billing, verify a domain for SSO and domain matching, and deploy Cursor through company MDM.
Open guideMember, Admin and Unpaid Admin roles, Premium, Super, Ultra and Free seats, invites, domain matching, and what removing a member does to their data.
Open guideHow Cursor Teams seats, weekly usage pools, prepaid credit, legacy on-demand billing and the Cursor Token Rate work, and when Enterprise pooled usage fits.
Open guideHow Cursor Enterprise SCIM 2.0 works: SSO first, identity provider setup, automatic user lifecycle, read-only directory groups, roles and group spend limits.
Open guideCursor team analytics: AI share of committed code, Agent and Tab charts, leaderboards, repository insights, Conversation Insights and the analytics APIs.
Open guideHow Cursor Enterprise billing groups attribute usage to departments for reporting and chargebacks, and how SCIM, API, CSV or manual assignment works.
Open guideCursor Enterprise and Anthropic's Cyber Verification Program: why Opus blocks security work, how to apply per group, privacy tradeoffs and eligible models.
Open guideCursor Enterprise service accounts run cloud agents, the API and CI without personal credentials: setup, key rotation, spend limits and team GitHub access.
Open guideCursor's identity controls in setup order: SAML SSO, SCIM provisioning, MDM device policies and team roles, and which of them need Enterprise.
Open guideHow Cursor Enterprise supports compliance: audit logs, SIEM streaming, OpenTelemetry export, hooks for activity logs, and SOC 2, ISO and AIUC-1 reports.
Open guideCursor's two layers of agent safety: security controls such as run modes, hooks and sandboxing that block actions, and steering that only guides the model.
Open guideHow Cursor Enterprise reaches private Git hosts and package registries over AWS PrivateLink or Cloudflare Tunnel: prerequisites, setup and webhook checks.
Open guideGet Cursor working behind corporate proxies, firewalls and SSL inspection: domain allowlists, HTTP/2 fallback, encryption and a connectivity checklist.
Open guideWhich processes and folders to exclude from antivirus and EDR scanning so Cursor starts and Agent stops timing out, on Windows and macOS.
Open guideWho can get a HIPAA BAA on Cursor Enterprise, which services it covers, the controls to lock before PHI enters Cursor, and how to request one.
Open guideHow to roll Cursor out at scale: MDM policies, package managers, silent installs, update pinning, hook distribution, proxies and self-hosted agents.
Open guideHow Cursor Enterprise admins control model access, personal API keys, MCP server allowlists and tool limits, plugins, team rules and repository access.
Open guideHow Cursor Enterprise pooled usage works: one committed budget for the account, on-demand billing past it, member and team spend limits, and automation costs.
Open guideHow Cursor Enterprise Organization Groups set spend limits, model access and agent controls for cross-team cohorts, and drive team membership and roles.
Open guideThe security and privacy controls you own in a Cursor deployment: the admin quickstart, identity, Privacy Mode, agent runtime limits, hooks and monitoring.
Open guideA practical playbook for rolling Cursor out to a team: configure org settings first, run a one-hour session, ship shared rules, pilot, then measure.
Open guideWhat Privacy Mode and zero data retention do, Cursor's SOC 2 posture, and the controls to enforce before sensitive code goes near the editor.
Open guideHow Cursor Router picks a model for each Auto request, what Cost, Balance and Intelligence change, how each mode bills, and which settings admins control.
Open guideDeploy Grok Bot with your MDM: get versioned installers from the release feed, push them, pin a version, control Linux updates and plan the rollout.
Open guideWiden assignment on your existing Cursor app in Okta or Entra ID for Grok Bot, then add a scoped rule for sign-in from the Bot's Linux computer.
Open guideEnterprise admins can recreate or terminate Grok Bot computers in bulk, delete a member's data, read failed results and end inactive computers.
Open guideFrequently asked questions
Who is this guide for?
Engineering leaders, DevEx and platform teams, and security reviewers planning an AI coding rollout.
What should I do next?
Name an owner for each control on this page, then pilot with one team and one repo before you widen access.
Who should own each control in an AI coding rollout?
IT owns identity: SSO, SCIM or whichever system is the membership source. Engineering leadership owns policy on allowed repos, tools and review rules. The security team reviews data flow, the secrets boundary and the audit path, and DevEx owns adoption metrics and the training path.
How long should an AI coding pilot take?
The plan on this page takes four weeks, and the order matters more than the dates. Week 1 picks one team, one repo and three realistic tasks. Week 2 writes the workflow standard, week 3 trains champions and adds guardrails, and week 4 expands only once quality, cost and review load are visible.
What should you measure before you expand an AI coding rollout?
Answer three questions with numbers: did review load go up or down, what does a developer cost per month, and did quality hold. Record the same numbers before the pilot starts, so you have a baseline to compare against.
Sources & last verified
- Cursor teams dashboard
- Cursor privacy and data governance
- Cursor SSO
- Cursor enterprise docs
- Cursor enterprise
- Cursor changelog: Organizations for Cursor Enterprise
- Cursor blog: Improvements to Teams Pricing
- Cursor docs: Usage analytics
- Cursor Help: Spend alerts
- Cursor docs: Team pricing
- Cursor Docs: Cursor Router
- Cursor Help: Cursor Router
Cursor ships frequently. Facts verified against primary sources on October 28, 2026.